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Título del libro: Wastewater Irrigation And Health: Assessing And Mitigating Risk In Low-Income Countries
Título del capítulo: Approaches to evaluate and develop health risk-based standards using available data

Autores UNAM:
MARIA INES JOSEFINA NAVARRO GONZALEZ; BLANCA ELENA JIMENEZ CISNEROS;
Autores externos:

Idioma:
Inglés
Año de publicación:
2009
Resumen:

Information on the dose-response relationship of waterborne and foodborne enteric pathogens is an important component in any consideration of the health risks that may be associated with wastewater, sludge or excreta reuse for food-crop production. The three main sources of information on dose-response relationships are: human challenge studies, animal studies and outbreak investigations. Doseresponse information on four representative enteric pathogens (Norwalk virus, E. coli O157:H7, Giardia lamblia and Ascaris lumbricoides) is presented as examples. In addition to dose-response information, the application of quantitative microbial risk assessment to examine the potential health risks associated with the consumption of food crops irrigated with wastewater or fertilized with biosolids requires information on several factors. These are transmission pathways, occurrence (frequency and concentration) of pathogens in wastewater and biosolids, persistence of pathogen viability or infectivity in the environment and on the food crops, and crop consumption (amount and frequency). Assessments of the risks of Giardia and Ascaris infection associated with food crops in several scenarios are presented and illustrate how WHO Guidelines and pathogen reduction measures (such as produce-washing) may have a significant or negligible impact on reducing the risks of infection associated with food crops irrigated or fertilized with wastewater and biosolids. © International Water Management Institute and International Development Research Centre, 2010. All rights reserved.


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