Título del libro: Extreme Natural Hazards, Disaster Risks And Societal Implications
Título del capítulo: Magnetic studies of active volcanoes in mexico: Implications for volcanic hazards and volcano monitoring
JAIME HUMBERTO URRUTIA FUCUGAUCHI;
Autores externos:
Idioma:
Inglés
Año de publicación:
2014
Resumen:
Since the 1990s studies of volcanic hazards and volcano monitoring have intensified, with the development of improved observational techniques and mitigation programmes. The study of volcanoes undergoing eruptive activity phases poses major challenges related to access restrictions, security issues, measurement precision, identification of eruption precursors, documentation of volcano structure, deep processes, and the installation of monitoring systems. Advances in methods, instrumentation, computing, data storage, telecommunications, satellite observation systems, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), global positioning systems (GPS), the use of a large number high density monitoring arrays, borehole instrumentation, gas emission analyses, and aerogeophysical surveys have provided increased understanding of magmatic and eruption processes (e.g. Francis and Rothery, 2000; Dzurisin, 2003; McNutt, 2005; Smith et al., 2009). Hazard and risk analyses of stratovolcanoes, which could produce large explosive eruptions, present particular challenges. Stratovolcanoes are characterised by long periods of inactivity, or relatively low level fumarolic, seismic, and deformation activity, making it difficult to forecast a time before reawakening episodes that could result in large explosive eruptions (Smith et al., 2009). This was the case with the eruptions of Mount St Helens in the Cascades, western USA, in 1980, El Chichon volcano in southern Mexico in 1982, and Pinatubo volcano in the Philippines in 1991. Explosive eruptive episodes present major hazards associated with flank collapses, debris avalanches, and eruption-triggered lahars such as those generated in the 1985 Nevado del Ruiz eruption in Colombia. Generally, many population centres are located in young volcanic provinces, close to historically active volcanoes. Therefore, analysis of volcanic hazards and implementation of volcano monitoring programmes constitute a major component of hazard prevention and mitigation programmes. Explosive volcanic eruptions pose hazards even when they occur in remote sparsely populated areas, because high and dense volcanic ash plumes may present a potential danger to planes. © Cambridge University Press 2014.
Entidades citadas de la UNAM:
ISBN:
9781139523905
Editorial:
Cambridge University Press Nombre de la publicación:
Magnetic studies of active volcanoes in mexico: Implications for volcanic hazards and volcano monitoring
Página inicial:
152
Página final:
166
