Título del libro: Diagnosis And Treatment Of Fungal Infections
Título del capítulo: Paracoccidioidomycosis
BEATRIZ GOMEZ GARCIA;
Autores externos:
Idioma:
Inglés
Año de publicación:
2015
Palabras clave:
Clinical presentations; Diagnosis; Gender; Immunopathology; Paracoccidioides brasiliensis; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Treatment; Unknown habitat
Resumen:
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an endemic disease geographically restricted to Latin America, from Mexico to Argentina; Brazil is the most endemic of all countries. Chile and the Caribbean islands are not affected. No outbreaks have been reported. Currently, phylogenetic studies divide the Paracoccidioides genus into two species, namely, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii. The former has a widespread distribution except for the central and northern regions of Brazil where P. lutzii preferentially occurs. Three phylogenetically diverse P. brasiliensis cryptic species have been recognized as etiologic agents of this mycosis. These fungi are thermally dimorphic that exhibit two morphotypes, a mold under 28? and a yeast in cultures at 35??37?, as well as in tissues. The yeast reproduces by multiple budding in a manner resembling a pilot's wheel. The genus Paracoccidioides is only known in its asexual stage, although molecular techniques have allowed its classification in the phylum Ascomycota, order Onygenales, family closely related to the dimorphic fungi Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis that present sexual stages in the genus Ajellomyces. The natural habitat of the P. brasiliensis complex has not been defined although it is supposed to be the soil preferentially at sites where the environment has a high rainfall index and the soils show optimal permeability, a combination associated with high relative humidity and abundance of vegetation and watercourses. P. brasiliensis is capable of entering into prolonged periods of latency as is demonstrated by those patients diagnosed outside the recognized endemic areas years after having abandoned the endemic Latin American zones. The mycosis predominates in adult males (13:1) but this gender difference is not observed in children or adolescents. Two types of clinical presentations are recognized, the acute??subacute (juvenile) and the chronic (adult) forms of the disease. A residual, nonmycotic active form characterized by fibrosis, is also recognized. This mycosis tends to run a chronic progressive course affecting preferentially the lungs and is accompanied by dissemination to mucous membranes, skin, adrenals, and reticuloendothelial system; other localizations include central nervous system (
Entidades citadas de la UNAM:
ISBN:
9783319130903
Editorial:
Springer International Publishing Nombre de la publicación:
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Página inicial:
225
Página final:
236
