Título del libro: Encyclopedia Of Ecology
Título del capítulo: Endemism
JUAN JOSE MORRONE;
Autores externos:
Idioma:
Inglés
Año de publicación:
2018
Palabras clave:
Areas of endemismBiogeography; Cladistic; Conservation; Geographic distribution
Resumen:
Endemism describes taxa that are distributed on particular areas. The restriction of taxa to particular areas is a consequence of both historical and ecological factors. The former are invoked to explain how a taxon became confined to its present range and the latter to explain the present limits of endemic taxa. Endemic taxa can be classified into autochtonous, allochtonous, taxonomic relicts, biogeographic relicts, neoendemics, and paleoendemics. Areas where the distributional areas of two or more taxa overlap are called areas of endemism. They reflect an ancestral biotic component. If we map the distributional ranges of relatively well-known taxa, the substantial overlapping in their ranges determines an area of endemism. Areas of endemism are successively nested, which means that within larger areas of endemism smaller ones are recognized, and within the latter there are even smaller ones. This allows proposing a hierarchic biogeographical classification employing the following subdivisions: realms, regions, dominions, provinces, and districts. In order to reconstruct the historical relationships of areas of endemism, cladistic or vicariance biogeography assumes that the correspondence between taxonomic relationships and area relationships is biogeographically informative. It is based on an analogy between biogeography and systematics, where taxa are treated as characters. Patterns of area relationship derived from a cladistic biogeographic analysis are interpreted as secondary biogeographical homology. Biodiversity is in global crisis. One of the major goals of conservation is the maintenance of as much as possible of the diversity of life. Some authors have suggested that endemicity may help determine priorities for biodiversity conservation, whereas others have argued that it is not an appropriate measure of diversity. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Entidades citadas de la UNAM:
ISBN:
9780444641304
Editorial:
Elsevier Nombre de la publicación:
Endemism
Página inicial:
81
Página final:
86
