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Título del libro: Encyclopedia Of Microbiology
Título del capítulo: Bacillus thuringiensis: Mechanisms and use

Autores UNAM:
MARIA ALEJANDRA BRAVO DE LA PARRA; MARIO SOBERON CHAVEZ;
Autores externos:

Idioma:
Inglés
Año de publicación:
2019
Palabras clave:

Bacillus thuringiensis; Cry toxins; mode of action; pest control; resistance; transgenic crops


Resumen:

Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) is a Gram positive bacteria that produce insecticidal proteins that are active against different insect orders and nematodes. During the vegetative phase of growth some Bt strains produce Vip toxins while in the sporulation phase Cry and Cyt toxins are produced. Regarding the Cry toxins at least 5 different groups not related in their sequence or structure have been characterized. The three domain Cry (3d-Cry) toxins is the largest group of toxins and these proteins are the best characterized regarding their mode of action. Bt toxins have been widely used for the control of insect pests in agriculture and forestry and also for control of insect vectors of human diseases. One of the most important applications of Bt has been the development of transgenic crops expressing Bt-toxins for pest control. Here we review the general characteristics of Bt, the insecticidal toxins produced by Bt, the mode of action of 3d-Cry toxins, the synergism observed with mosquitocidal toxins, the mechanisms of insect resistance to these proteins and the most important applications of these insecticidal proteins. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


Entidades citadas de la UNAM: