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Título del libro: Encyclopedia Of Environmental Health
Título del capítulo: Animal and human waste as components of urban dust pollution: Health implications

Autores UNAM:
IRMA AURORA ROSAS PEREZ; EDMUNDO CALVA Y MERCADO;
Autores externos:

Idioma:
Inglés
Año de publicación:
2019
Palabras clave:

Animal waste; Antibiotic resistance; Fecal pollution; Human waste; Urban dust; Virulence


Resumen:

Dust is a mixture of organic and inorganic particles that, under natural conditions, should incorporate into the soil, but in the sealed ground surfaces of urban areas, tends to accumulate, creating an extra source of pollution. Besides, contamination of urban dust with feces, both from human and domestic animals, increases in a number of ways the health problems posed by dust alone, especially in crowded, underdeveloped cities. Pathogens of the digestive tract are a main cause of concern since they can be ingested through contaminated food and water, provoking diarrheal diseases. Although the most studied pathogen is Escherichia coli, many other enteropathogens can also be carried by dust. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and resistance genes, are also spread by dust potentially increasing the risk of horizontal transfer of these traits to other kinds of bacteria. Aside from being infectious threats, Gram-negative bacteria, alive or their debris containing outer-membrane lipopolysaccharides (LPS), have a variety of biological effects. In particular, LPS are often found in urban dust, whose best characterized effect is inflammation through inhalation. Several measures, ranging from changes in individual behavior to governmental regulations, must be taken to curb the excess of animal and human waste deposited on the ground surfaces of cities and minimize the risks posed by polluted urban dust. © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Entidades citadas de la UNAM: