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Título del libro: Principles Of Nutrigenetics And Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals Of Individualized Nutrition
Título del capítulo: Vitamins as cofactors for energy homeostasis and their genomic control, with special reference to biotin, thiamine, and pantothenic acid

Autores UNAM:
ANTONIO VELAZQUEZ ARELLANO; ALAIN DE JESUS HERNANDEZ VAZQUEZ;
Autores externos:

Idioma:

Año de publicación:
2019
Palabras clave:

Atp; Biotin; Biotinidase; Coenzyme a; Holocarboxylase synthetase; Pantotenic acid; Thiamine


Resumen:

Cells obtain free energy by the catabolism of nutrients as glucose and fatty acids and use that energy to make ATP, which is used for many functions. For the generation of ATP there are several components, among them the cofactors biotin and thiamine. To obtain that energy under aerobic conditions, it is necessary to have acetyl CoA whose precursor is coenzyme A derived from pantothenic acid. In the case of biotin, it is the prosthetic group of five carboxylases that are important in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Endogenous biotin is recycled by the action of biotinidase, which is reused by holocarboxylase synthetase. There are several genetic diseases related to biotin, among them a mutation of the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter and multiple carboxylase deficiencies including biotinidase deficiency. Deprivation of biotin diminishes the mRNAs of liver glucokinase and increases that of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Biotin also seems to be necessary for the normal progression of cells through the cell cycle, with deficient cells arresting in the cell cycle 1 phase. It also affects the expression of genes for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which is probably mediated by the activation of AMPK, the cellular energy sensor. Biotin deficiency increases insulin sensitivity by increased translocation of the transporter of glucose GLUT4. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


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