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Título del libro: Fetal And Early Postnatal Programming And Its Influence On Adult Health
Título del capítulo: Maternal obesity: Effects of dietary and exercise interventions to prevent adverse negative outcomes

Autores UNAM:
ELENA ZAMBRANO GONZALEZ;
Autores externos:

Idioma:

Año de publicación:
2017
Resumen:

Human and experimental animal models have shown an association between high maternal body mass index (BMI) and/or gestational weight gain (GWG) and disrupted childhood metabolism and cardiovascular function. There is a relationship between maternal obesity and developmental programing in offspring. Developmental programming is defined as the response to a specific challenge to the mammalian organism during a critical developmental time window that alters the trajectory of development with resulting effects on health that persist throughout life (Zambrano and Nathanielsz 2013). Several mechanisms act together to produce adverse health outcomes problems such as (1) changes in maternal metabolic hormones (Forhead and Fowden 2009; Nakae et al. 2001) (insulin and leptin) as well as steroid hormones (Bispham et al. 2003; Bondesson et al. 2015; Hiort 2013) (androgens, estrogens, and 386corticosterone) that play a key role in cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis; (2) increase in oxidative stress (Luo et al. 2006) leading to cell damage components like proteins, lipids, and DNA; (3) impaired placental transfer of nutrients from mother to fetus; and (4) epigenetic alterations (Lane 2014; Perera and Herbstman 2011) such as DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin packing, and microRNA expression that can alter gene expression. The demonstration of the role of these mechanisms in the developmental induction of noncommunicable diseases opens the possibility to develop effective interventions to prevent adverse negative outcomes and guide management in human pregnancy, and focus on promoting healthy lifestyle choices before and during pregnancy as well as during postnatal life to ameliorate maternal and offspring outcomes due to maternal obesity. © 2017 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.


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