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Título del libro: Ethnopharmacology
Título del capítulo: Diabetes and metabolic disorders: An ethnopharmacological perspective

Autores UNAM:
ADOLFO ANDRADE CETTO;
Autores externos:

Idioma:

Año de publicación:
2015
Palabras clave:

Insulin; Medicinal plants; Metabolic syndrome; Type-2 diabetes


Resumen:

The most common metabolic disorders are type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, which are both correlated with genetics and lifestyle choices (sedentary behaviour and poor nutrition). This combination leads to the main causes of both metabolic disorders: obesity and insulin resistance. The use of medicinal plants to treat diseases is as old as humanity but the correct diagnosis of a metabolic disease in most cases requires a physician and laboratory analysis. Although these metabolic disorders are normally not diagnosed in traditional medicine-based systems, people and healers seek to identify plants to treat these conditions, especially obesity and hyperglycemia. Numerous examples now exist of plants studied for their anti-diabetic effects. For example, the main compounds in Cecropia obtusifolia, chlorogenic acid and isoorientin, block hepatic glucose output by inhibiting gluconeogenesis. The main compounds in Brickellia cavanillesii, isorhamnetin, calein C and 6-hydroxyacetyl-5-hydroxy-2, 2-dimethyl-2-chromene, compete with the a-glucosidases in the gut and delay glucose absorption. Cucurbitanes, compounds isolated from Momordica charantia, lower blood glucose by promoting insulin secretion. The procyanidin type-A polymers isolated from Cinnamomun cassia target insulin in several ways. The major compounds isolated from Cordyceps militaris, cordyrrole A and B, inhibit adipocyte differentiation and pancreatic lipase, which results in body weight reduction. A new compound isolated from Aegle marmelos (3, 3-dimethylallyl) halfordinol, has lipolytic and antiadipogenic effects, resulting in decreased insulin resistance. The plants that have already been studied need more clinical trials to develop them as phytomedicines, and ethnopharmacological studies could help us to find new hypoglycemic compounds. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


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