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Título del libro: Encyclopedia Of Infection And Immunity
Título del capítulo: Non-Conventional Antimicrobial Agents

Autores UNAM:
RODOLFO GARCIA CONTRERAS;
Autores externos:

Idioma:

Año de publicación:
2022
Palabras clave:

Ag- and Cu-nanoparticles; Antimicrobial peptides; Bacteriocins; Cationic surfactants; Environmental aspects; EPS; Essential oils; Human toxicity; Phages; Probiotics; Quorum quenchers; Resistance; Rhamnolipids


Resumen:

The fast-developing transmissible antibiotic resistance among bacteria, especially spread because of antimicrobial abuse in farming, prompts researchers to find long-lasting molecules to contain infectious diseases. Here we describe the main alternative strategies for treating Gram-positives, Gram-negatives and MDR infections, highlighting the benefits and limits of each approach. Besides the well experimented bacteriocins and antimicrobial peptides, already in use as food preservatives, traditional compounds like cationic surfactants and plant essential oils will be analyzed for their potential in specific sectors. In parallel, the use of living organisms, probiotics and bacteriophages, will be examined underlining the possible risks for gut ecology. In addition, new promising natural molecules (rhamnolipids and exopolysaccharides) and very cutting-edge technologies such as bioengineered bacteriocins, metal nanoparticles (Me-NP) and quorum sensing inhibitors (QQ) will be described. The innovative aspect of the latter strategies is that attention is directed not on killing bugs but on preventing bacterial virulence: both rhamnolipids and Me-NP can control biofilm formation and disruption, whereas QQ also prevent toxin expression. Interestingly, some of the considered compounds are active also against fungi and viruses, sometimes behaving as immune-stimulators as well. Finally, considerations on the safety for humans and Earth ecosystems will be discussed. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


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