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Título del libro: Clinical Virology: Third Edition
Título del capítulo: Astrovirus

Autores UNAM:
ERNESTO MENDEZ SALINAS; CARLOS FEDERICO ARIAS ORTIZ;
Autores externos:

Idioma:

Año de publicación:
2022
Palabras clave:

Astrovirus; Avastrovirus; Mamastrovirus; RNA


Resumen:

Astroviruses have been found in several species of mammals and birds, a distinguishing feature used to classify them into two genera: Mamastrovirus and Avastrovirus Human astroviruses (HAstV) were originally isolated in primary human embryonic kidney cells and subsequently adapted to grow in a continuous monkey kidney epithelial cell line (LLCMK2), although these cells could not be infected directly with astrovirus extracted from fecal specimens. Baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, and probably others, support efficient replication when transfected with authentic astrovirus RNA or with in vitro-transcribed full-length astrovirus RNA, although they are not easily infected, suggesting that barriers at the entry level could determine the susceptibility of some cells to virus infection. In most temperate regions HAstV infections are more frequent in the winter, while in tropical regions astroviruses are more frequently detected during the rainy season. Contaminated food or water is the most frequent source of astrovirus infections. In turkey astrovirus infections, virus can be recovered from different organs, although the small intestine seems to be the only organ where astrovirus replicates. The mucosal immune system could be important in protecting individuals from repeated astrovirus infections. The severity of an astrovirus infection can be associated with the immune status of the patient, since immunodeficient patients have shown persistent infections with an extended course of infection and viral shedding. Prophylactic measures to avoid astrovirus spread in the population are important but may be difficult to achieve. Standard water chlorination, although not totally effective, can help to diminish astrovirus viability. © 2009 ASM Press. All rights reserved.


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