Título del libro: Textbook Of Psychiatry For Intellectual Disability And Autism Spectrum Disorder
Título del capítulo: Cultural Issues
Autores externos:
Idioma:
Año de publicación:
2022
Palabras clave:
Africa; Asia; Autism spectrum disorder; Community inclusion; Cultural issues; Independent living; Informal caregiving; Intellectual disability; Latin America; Lower-income countries; Middle-income countries; Organizational culture
Resumen:
Culture and contextual factors are inter-related fundamental frameworks for a correct conceptualization of intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and other neurodevelopmental disorders as well as for adequate provision and planning of mental health services. Implications on grading of individual functioning impairment, support needs, and quality of life are also relevant. In many countries, there is a lack of a public health approach and population-level screening for neurodevelopmental disorders, which leads to a lack of recognition of the need for treatment or services, or delays in their use. In addition, especially in lower- and middle-income countries, current, evidence-based tools for diagnosis are inaccessible due to their high cost and are seldom used. Also, most of these tools are developed in Western world, and very limited research is done on validity of these tools in developing countries. Services that facilitate independent living and community integration for people with ID and ASD and their families may not be available, depending on the context; this is especially true in lower- and middle-income contexts, such as Africa, Latina America, and some parts of Asia. Informal caregiving of people with ID and ASD exists in all cultures, but type and level vary from culture to culture. The burden of informal caregiving also varies depending on sociocultural issues as well as on existing policies and services. In some cultures, caregiving may be expected from family members (especially women), while in other contexts placing people with ID (and sometimes people with ASD) in ?professional,? often institutionalized, care may be acceptable or even promoted. In addition, a cultural issue such as whether there is an extended family network participating in caregiving, or a lone informal caretaker, can have a significant effect on caregiver stress and the burden implied by care. The existence, quality, and availability of different types of public services and assistance will also affect caregiving and caregivers. Research on caregiving for people with ID and ASD focusing on both positive and negative impacts is needed to provide inputs for services and programs that can build on caregiver strengths in different cultures. Organizational culture within programs that provide services or care for children and adults with ID and ASD has an important impact on service users. This includes group homes of different sizes, special education schools or educational programs mainstreamed into regular schools, occupational services, etc. Different types of organizational culture (as lived and acted out by program staff) can influence the quality of the services provided and determine whether a truly humanistic and person-centered and strength-based approach is implemented. Clinicians and other care providers can improve practice by being aware of cultural issues and how they affect services and programs as well as considering each person with ID and/or ASD they are treating as an individual who lives in a specific social and cultural milieu. This is part of what is implied in providing person-centered care. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
Entidades citadas de la UNAM:
ISBN:
9783319957203
Editorial:
Springer International Publishing Nombre de la publicación:
Cultural Issues
Página inicial:
969
Página final:
984
