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Título del libro: Autoimmune Disorders: Adjuvants And Other Risk Factors In Pathogenesis
Título del capítulo: Oil Injections and ASIA Syndrome

Autores UNAM:
OLGA LIDIA VERA LASTRA; GABRIELA MEDINA GARCIA; MARIA DEL PILAR CRUZ DOMINGUEZ; LUIS JAVIER JARA QUEZADA;
Autores externos:

Idioma:

Año de publicación:
2024
Palabras clave:

ASIA-mineral oil (ASIA-MO); clinical; diagnosis; pathogenesis; treatment


Resumen:

Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvant (ASIA) encompasses a cluster of autoimmune diseases that develop in genetically prone individuals after an adjuvant stimulus. ASIA includes several syndromes, including ASIA by mineral oil or other oily substance (ASIA-MO). Oils acting as adjuvants can trigger these conditions, resulting from the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. ASIA-MO is defined as the infiltration of oily-type modeling substances for cosmetic purposes with autoimmune reaction. It has been reported mainly in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Latin America, where MO is applied clandestinely. Pathogenesis of ASIA-MO is complex but is characterized by chronic granulomatous inflammation, like the pristane model in mice, with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines: Type I interferons (IFNa and IFNß), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and erosive arthritis. In humans, an increase in interleukin 1 (IL-1) and IL-17 has been found. The clinical spectrum of ASIA-MO is heterogeneous, varying from mild to severe and being local and systemic. Systemic manifestations can be nonspecific such as fatigue, myalgias, arthralgias, sicca syndrome, cognitive impairment, sleep disorders, and specific manifestations, meeting criteria for any autoimmune disease (AID), i.e. SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic sclerosis, among others. The areas of the body where the mineral oils are mainly applied are buttocks (38-72%), breasts (12-16%), lower extremities (18-22%), and face (6-10%). Penis augmentation is also common. Treatment is focused on local and systemic manifestations and requires medical and surgical management representing a challenge for physicians. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.


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