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Título del libro: Melanins: Functions, Biotechnological Production, And Applications
Título del capítulo: Biotechnological Production of Melanins with Recombinant Microorganisms

Autores UNAM:
LUZ MARIA MARTINEZ MEJIA; GEORGINA TERESA HERNANDEZ CHAVEZ; ALFREDO MARTINEZ JIMENEZ; GUILLERMO GOSSET LAGARDA;
Autores externos:

Idioma:

Año de publicación:
2023
Resumen:

Most organisms can synthesize a variety of natural polymers called melanins. These substances serve protective roles against physical and chemical stressors. These products result from the enzyme-catalyzed oxidation of phenolic and indolic substrates which polymerize to produce melanins such as eumelanin, pheomelanin, pyomelanin, and allomelanins. Tyrosinase and laccase protein families are primarily involved in the production of melanin. The pharmaceutical, cosmetic, optical, and electrical industries all use melanins as functional polymeric materials. The development of biotechnological processes to produce melanins is becoming an attractive alternative compared to their extraction from plant or animal matter, in which they are only present at low concentrations. Numerous types of bacteria are naturally capable of producing melanin. Using genetic engineering techniques, it is currently possible to overexpress in microorganisms the genes for melanin-producing enzymes. These advancements have allowed increasing the productivity of melanogenic organisms and have enabled the creation of novel recombinant microbial strains that can synthesize a variety of melanins. Furthermore, strains capable of completely synthesizing melanins from basic carbon sources on a gram-scale basis have been developed by metabolic engineering of microbial hosts through altering pathways relevant to the availability of melanogenic precursors. The most recent discoveries in the development of recombinant melanin-producing strains and manufacturing methods are compiled and reviewed in this chapter. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.


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